Toward a Theory of Physical Law from Observation: How a Bandwidth-Limited Observer Discovers Gravity from Noise

A bandwidth-limited persistent observer, trained only to predict noisy signals in simulated gravitational fields, recovers Newton's gravitational potential and Schwarzschild redshift/delay structure from signal prediction alone — without mass, metric, or curvature in the loss function. This paper explains the framework and results in accessible language, relates them to how human observers already work, and offers a theoretical interpretation: physical law may be the unique optimal compression of reality under observation constraints. Topics include the conformal wall (why mass is invisible in static fields), temporal symmetry breaking (why every mass measurement requires watching something change), the observation cost of discovery (spectral entropy governs persistence, not mass), destructive accumulation as a bandwidth-limited analogue of wave-particle duality, and the structural parallel to Bell's theorem (neither mass nor curvature is locally accessible to an embedded observer). Companion to "Persistence Structure of Bandwidth-Limited Observation" (Paper 1) and "Field Equations from Bandwidth-Limited Observation" (Paper 2).