Information-Evolutionary Cosmology: A Network-Based Framework for Emergent Spacetime and Matter

We propose Information-Evolutionary Cosmology (IEC), in which the fundamental substrate
of reality is informational. Spacetime, matter, and energy emerge from a dynamically evolving
network of information units governed by replication with stochastic defects. We introduce a
mathematically defined replication operator, graph Laplacian dynamics, and show that in the
continuum limit the model yields Einstein-like gravitational equations with a time-dependent
cosmological term.