Clinical Spectrum of Facial Dermatoses in the Geriatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir

Background: The geriatric population is increasing globally. Age-related cutaneous changes and cumulative ultraviolet exposure predispose elderly individuals to a wide spectrum of facial dermatoses. With respect to the geriatric population, there have been a dearth of studies to assess the facial dermatoses among geriatric population in our set up at Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir (J &K), a tertiary care centre of a remote area of North India. So, this study was conducted to assess the patterns of dermatoses among geriatric population.

Aims: To evaluate the clinical spectrum and epidemiological determinants of facial dermatoses in patients aged ≥60 years.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 220 consecutive geriatric patients with facial dermatoses. Data recorded included age, gender, occupation, lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, sun exposure), clinical history, duration of dermatoses, associated symptoms, history of dermatological conditions, and use of skincare products. Relevant investigations were done like skin scrapings, biopsy for histopathological examination, where necessary, dermoscopic findings (where indicated) were done. Histopathology was performed when malignancy was suspected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.

Results: Seborrheic keratoses were the most common pathological dermatosis, seen in 75 patients (34.09%). Eczematous disorders were seen in 52 patients (23.6%). Infections and infestations were observed in 47 patients (21.3%). Actinic keratoses were present in 35 patients (15.9%).

Limitations: Hospital-based design limits external validity.

Conclusion: Facial dermatoses in the elderly predominantly reflect chronic photodamage. Preventive photoprotection and periodic screening are essential.