Ennoia Advances in Social Science, Technology and Education
Published March 30, 2026 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Gender Dynamics in Industrial Arts Education: A Global Synthesis and Philippine Case Analysis

Authors/Creators

  • 1. International Association of Open Educators

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Abstract

Despite narrowing educational gender gaps globally, Industrial Arts and Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) remain stubbornly male-dominated. This integrative review investigates this persistent disparity by synthesizing global macro-data across five regions alongside a targeted micro-analysis of the Philippine educational system. Findings reveal a profound global paradox: while mechanisms of exclusion vary, from economic constraints in Sub-Saharan Africa to cultural barriers in the Gulf States and internalized tracking in Europe, the marginalization of women in technical fields is universally consistent. The Philippines serves as a critical microcosm. Despite robust institutional parity frameworks and high female certification rates, deep occupational segregation persists. Internalized gender schemas strongly drive self-selection into stereotyped pathways, effectively overriding formal access policies.

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References

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