Causality in the Brain and AI During Information Processing: The Subjective Value of Information Drives the Physical Processes - Figure 2

Further, we will move on to the analysis of the content of Figure 2 to explain the causal role of integrated information and its functional connection with the phenomenon of freedom of choice during information processing. This will allow us to explain the phenomenon of the person’s freedom of choice within the framework of the concept of the physical world. Thus, Figure 2 symbolises the physical environment in which a human person exists with their brain, consciousness, subjective
values, and freedom of choice (see the small, coloured circle marked as S (subject). The temporal structure of the physical world is characterised by the arrow of time (see Figure 2). The arrow of time represents the past (which no longer physically exists, but can be presented in the form of information in a person’s brain) and the future, which does not physically does not exist yet and will never exist (that is why the arrow of time in the appropriate place is indicated by a dotted line and referred to as the "probable future"). The Front of the Present "moves" along the Arrow of Time in the direction from the Past to the Probable Future, separating them. Several examples of physical causal processes are depicted in the upper part of the line of Front of the Present in the form of mathematical symbolisations - hyperbola, linear dependence, and periodic nonlinear forms (see Figure 2, a, b, c). These elements of the drawing symbolise mathematically well-predictable processes (the continuation of physical causal lines from the past to the probable future based on integrated information derived from past experience). Below a,b,c, we see the stochastically formed “physical causal lines” (characterising turbulence in the flow of a large mass of water) crossing the Front of Present (see Figure 2, d). This implies the worst predictability of the future (although, with all the necessary data, it is assumed that future “causal lines” in the future could be identified here).