Monthly averaged RACMO2.3p2 variables: Greenland

This is a data set of monthly averaged variables simulated by the hydrostatic regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3p2 over Greenland. At the lateral and ocean boundaries the model is forced by ERA5 reanalysis data every 3 hours from 1940-2025. The model is run at a horizontal resolution of 5.5 km and 40 vertical levels for the entire Greenland ice sheet. 

The dataset includes the following surface- and atmospheric variables. Additional variables and higher temporal resolutuon up to 3 hourly are available on request:

Surface mass balance (SMB) variables (in kg m^-2 mo^-1 or mm water equivalent mo^-1)
smb : (Specific) Surface mass balance defined as SMB = Total precipitation + sublimation - runoff
snowmelt : Surface snowmelt production
refreeze : Refreezing of meltwater
snowfall : Solid precipitation
precip : Total precipitation (snowfall + rainfall); to calculate rainfall use rainfall = precip - snowfall
runoff : Surface meltwater runoff
subl : Snow sublimation (including sublimation of drifting snow). Negative values are sublimation, positive values are snow deposition.
sndiv : erosion of drifting snow

Atmospheric variables
t2m : 2-m Temperature
q2m : 2-m Specific humidity
rh2m : 2-m Relative humidity (RH)
tskin : Surface/skin temperature. Calculated from closing the surface energy budget.
psurf : Surface pressure
u10m : Zonal wind speed at 10 m
v10m : Meridional wind speed at 10 m
ff10m : Wind speed at 10 m
u0500 : Zonal wind speed at 500 hPa
v0500 : Meridional wind speed at 500 hPa
z0500 : Geopotential height at 500 hPa

Surface Energy Budget (SEB) variables (in J m^-2); SEB = LWnet+SWnet+SHF+LHF+GHF
Values are monthly cumulative: to convert to W m^-2 divide by amount of seconds in a month: 30*24*3600.
lwsn : Net longwave radiation (LWnet=LWdown-LWup)
swsn : Net shortwave radiation (SWnet=SWdown-SWup)
lwsd : Downwelling longwave radiation at the surface
swsd : Downwelling shortwave radiation at the surface
swsu : Upwelling shortwave radiation at the surface
senf : Upward Sensible Heat Flux (SHF) at the surface
latf : Upward Latent Heat Flux (LHF) at the surface (our simulated LHF doesn't explicitly close the SEB, as it also includes in-air sublimation, but the effect should be rougly neglible)
gbot : Soil/Ground Heat Flux (GHF)

Snow variables
totpore : Vertically integrated pore space (m)
totwat : Total liquid water content of the snowpack (kg m^-2)
zsnow : Total snowpack thickness (m)

Grid, elevation, coordinates and masks in FGRN055_Masks.nc (438 x 566 grid boxes)

IceMask: Ice mask (0 or 1)
Icemask_GR:  Ice mask for Greenland ice sheet and ice caps (0 or 1)
Icemask_noGR: Ice mask for all glaciated areas outside Greenland (0 or 1)
Icesheet_Only: Mask for Greenland ice sheet (0 or 1)
lon: Longitude
lat: Latitude
LSM: Land sea mask (0 or 1)
Topography: topography (m)
Geopotential: Surface geopotential height (m)
Area: Grid-cell area (km2)
BIA: Bare ice albedo 2000 -2015 (-)
Promicemask: Ice classes
GRACE_basins: Grace basins  
Mouginot_basins: Mouginot basins
LSM_GR: Land sea mask for Greenland only (0 or 1)
Grounded_ice: Grounded ice (0 or 1)