EARLY DETECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MENSTRUAL AND OVARIAN DYSFUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH THYROID DISORDERS IN REPRODUCTIVE-AGED WOMEN

Thyroid disorders are among the most prevalent endocrine conditions affecting women of reproductive age and are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to menstrual and ovarian dysfunction. Despite this, thyroid-related reproductive abnormalities remain underdiagnosed in gynecologic practice. Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations, early detection strategies, and management of menstrual and ovarian dysfunction associated with thyroid disorders in reproductive-aged women. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using Scopus-indexed literature, including observational studies, clinical reviews, and international guidelines. Relevant studies examining the association between thyroid dysfunction and menstrual abnormalities, ovulatory disorders, ovarian reserve, and fertility outcomes were critically analyzed. Results: Thyroid dysfunction, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, is highly prevalent among women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, with reported rates ranging from 20% to 44%. Menstrual irregularities may precede overt thyroid disease, highlighting their role as early clinical indicators. Thyroid dysfunction disrupts the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, contributing to anovulation, altered ovarian reserve, and infertility.