Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Sunscreen Nanoemulsion Cream Loaded with Manjistha, D-Panthenol and Hyaluronic Acid

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly contributes to skin damage, including erythema, hyperpigmentation, premature aging, and increased risk of skin malignancies. The present investigation was designed to develop and evaluate a nanoemulsion-based sunscreen cream incorporating Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) along with D-panthenol and hyaluronic acid to enhance photoprotection and skin moisturization. Three formulations (MSSC-1, MSSC-2, and MSSC-3) were prepared using the spontaneous emulsification method and assessed for physicochemical characteristics, stability, drug release, and sun protection efficiency. Preformulation analysis confirmed λmax at 220 nm with satisfactory linearity for quantitative estimation. Among the formulations, MSSC-2 demonstrated the smallest droplet size (~154 nm) with low polydispersity, indicating uniform nanoemulsion formation. Zeta potential values around −26 mV confirmed adequate electrostatic stability. All formulations exhibited skin-compatible pH, appropriate viscosity, and good spreadability for topical application. In-vitro release studies indicated a sustained drug release profile, with MSSC-2 showing superior performance. UV spectrophotometric evaluation revealed strong absorbance within the UV range, supporting effective photoprotective activity. Overall, the developed nanoemulsion system enhanced stability, bioavailability, and sunscreen efficacy, suggesting its potential as a safe and effective herbal alternative to conventional synthetic sunscreen formulations.