THE ROLE OF SYMBOLISM IN MODERN LITERARY STUDIE : INTERPRETATION AND MEANING CONSTRUCTION

Symbolism plays a central role in literary interpretation and remains one of the most significant subjects in modern literary studies. Literary texts often communicate meaning not only through direct narration but also through symbolic structures that reflect psychological, cultural, and philosophical ideas. This article examines symbolism as a key analytical problem in literary studies by exploring its theoretical foundations, interpretative functions, and role in reader response. The study argues that symbolism transforms literary works into multilayered systems of meaning, requiring readers and critics to actively participate in interpretation. Understanding symbolism allows deeper insight into how literature constructs universal human experience beyond literal language.