Published January 19, 2026
| Version v1
Journal article
Restricted
Set to its place: first DNA data on freshwater tardigrades of Sakhalin (Far East Russia) shed light on the phylogenetic position of Mixibius (Eutardigrada: Hypsibioidea)
Authors/Creators
- 1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7-9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia. & Marine Research Laboratory, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Description
Tumanov, Denis V. (2026): Set to its place: first DNA data on freshwater tardigrades of Sakhalin (Far East Russia) shed light on the phylogenetic position of Mixibius (Eutardigrada: Hypsibioidea). Zootaxa 5750 (1): 87-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5750.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5750.1.4
Files
Restricted
The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. <a href="https://zenodo.org/account/settings/login?next=https://zenodo.org/records/19170183">Log in</a> to check if you have access.
Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
- URL
- https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/315262
- LSID
- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9788C125-E7F6-44D5-80F3-9C63A3F3A7DB
- LSID
- urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:B046FF98FFC2E015FFD5B66CBB17FFAF
- URL
- http://publication.plazi.org/id/B046FF98FFC2E015FFD5B66CBB17FFAF
References
- Abe, W. (2004) A New Species of the Genus Hypsibius (Tardigrada: Parachela: Hypsibiidae) from Sakhalin Island, Far East Russia. Zoological Science, 21, 957-962. https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.957
- Atherton, S., Hulterstrom, J., Guidetti, R. & Jonsson, K.I. (2025) Three new species of Mesobiotus (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Sweden with an updated phylogeny of the genus. Scientific Reports, 15, 4535. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88063-8
- Astrin, J.J. & Stuben, P.E. (2008) Phylogeny in cryptic weevils: molecules, morphology and new genera of western Palaearctic Cryptorhynchinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 22, 503-522. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS07057
- Bertolani, R. (2003) Thulinius, new generic name substituting for Thulinia Bertolani, 1981 (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada). Zootaxa, 314 (1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootraxa.314.1.1
- Bertolani, R. & Pilato, G. (1988) Struttura delle unghie nei Macrobiotidae e descrizione di Murrayon n. gen. (Eutardigrada). Animalia, 15, 17-24.
- Bertolani, R., Marley, N. & Nelson, D.R. (1999) Re-description of the genus Thulinia (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) and of Thulinia augusti (Murray, 1907) comb. n. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 139-145.
- Bertolani, R., Rebecchi, L., Giovannini, I. & Cesari, M. (2011) DNA barcoding and integrative taxonomy of Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze 1834, the first tardigrade species to be described, and some related species. Zootaxa, 2997 (1), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2997.1.2
- Bertolani, R., Guidetti, R., Marchioro, T., Altiero, T., Rebecchi, L. & Cesari, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Eutardigrada: new molecular data and their morphological support lead to the identification of new evolutionary lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 76, 110-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.03.006
- Betancur-R, R., Naylor, G.J.P. & Orti, G. (2014) Conserved Genes, Sampling Error, and Phylogenomic Inference. Systematic Biology, 63, 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syt073
- Biserov, V.I. (1992) A new genus and three new species of tardigrades (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) from the USSR. Bollettino di zoologia, 59, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250009209386654
- Biserov, V.I. (1998) The Tardigrada of Komandorskiye Islands, with a description of Dactylobiotus dervizi, sp. nov. (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 12 (158), 327-336.
- Biserov, V.I. (1999) A review of the Tardigrada from Novaya Zemlya; with description of three new species and an evaluation of the state of the environment in the region. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 169-182.
- Camarda, D., Pai, C.Y., Kristensen, R.M. & Stec, D. (2025) Integrative description of a new freshwater tardigrade species, Dactylobiotus taiwanensis (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Murrayidae), discovered through social media. Zoological Studies, 64, 14. https://doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2025.64-14
- Chen, M.-Y., Liang, D. & Zhang, P. (2015) Selecting question-specific genes to reduce incongruence in phylogenomics: A case study of jawed vertebrate backbone phylogeny. Systematic Biology, 64, 1104-1120. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv059
- Dastych, H. (1990) Isohypsibius sattleri (Richters 1902), a valid species (Tardigrada). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 71, 181- 189.
- Dastych, H. (1992) Paradiphascon manningi gen. n. sp. n., a new water-bear from South Africa, with the erecting of a new subfamily Diphasconinae (Tardigrada). Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen zoologischen Museum und dem Institut fur zoologische Systematik, 89, 125-139.
- Dastych, H. (2019) Cryobiotus roswithae gen. n., sp. n., a new genus and species of glacier-dwelling tardigrades from northern Norway (Tardigrada, Panarthropoda). Entomologie Heute, 31, 95-111.
- Degma, P. & Guidetti, R. (2015) Actual checklist of Tardigrada species.Available from: https://doi.org/10.25431/11380_1178608 (accessed 1 August 2025)
- Doyere, L.M.F. (1840) Memoire sur les Tardigrades. Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris, Series 2, 14, 269-362.
- Ehrenberg, C.G. (1848) Fortgesetzte Beobachtungen uber jetzt herrschende atmospharische mikroskopische, etc. mit Nachtrag und Novarum Specierum Diagnosis. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 13, 370-381.
- Gasiorek, P. (2024) Catch me if you can, or how paradigms of tardigrade biogeography evolved from cosmopolitism to 'localism'. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 202 (2), zlad191. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad191
- Gasiorek, P. & Michalczyk, L. (2020) Phylogeny of Itaquasconinae in the light of the evolution of the flexible pharyngeal tube in Tardigrada. Zoologica Scripta, 49, 499-515. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12424
- Gasiorek, P., Stec, D., Morek, W. & Michalczyk, L. (2018a) An integrative redescription of Hypsibius dujardini (Doyere, 1840), the nominal taxon for Hypsibioidea (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada). Zootaxa, 4415 (1), 45-75. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.1.2
- Gasiorek, P., Stec, D., Zawierucha, K., Kristensen, R.M. & Michalczyk, L. (2018b) Revision of Testechiniscus Kristensen, 1987 (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) refutes the polar-temperate distribution of the genus. Zootaxa, 4472 (2), 261-297. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.2.3
- Gasiorek, P., Stec, D., Morek, W. & Michalczyk, L. (2019) Deceptive conservatism of claws: Distinct phyletic lineages concealed within Isohypsibioidea (Eutardigrada) revealed by molecular and morphological evidence. Contributions to Zoology, 88, 78-132. https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191350
- Gasiorek, P., Blagden, B., Morek, W. & Michalczyk, L. (2023) What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 202 (1), zlad151. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad151
- Gasiorek, P., Sorensen, M.V., Lillemark, M.R., Leerhoi, F. & Tottrup, A.P. (2024) Too rough to be a Hypsibius: multipopulation survey accentuates the phylogenetic position and apomorphies of Hypsibius scabropygus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 202 (4), zlae160. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae160
- Gouy, M., Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2010) SeaView version 4: a multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 27, 221-224. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp259
- Guidetti, R., Schill, R.O., Bertolani, R., Dandekar, T. & Wolf, M. (2009) New molecular data for tardigrade phylogeny, with the erection of Paramacrobiotus gen. nov. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 47 (4), 315-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2009.00526.x
- Guidetti, R., Rebecchi, L. & Bertolani, R. (2000) Cuticule structure and systematics of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada). Acta Zoologica, 81, 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6395.2000.00034.x
- Guil, N. & Giribet, G. (2012) A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of tardigrades-adding genes and taxa to a poorly resolved phylum-level phylogeny. Cladistics, 28, 21-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00364.x
- Guil, N., Jorgensen, A. & Kristensen, R. (2019) An upgraded comprehensive multilocus phylogeny of the Tardigrada tree of life. Zoologica Scripta, 48, 120-137. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12321
- Kalyaanamoorthy, S., Minh, B., Wong, T., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods, 14, 587-589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
- Kaczmarek, L., Michalczyk, L. & Mcinnes, S.J. (2015) Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America. Zootaxa, 3923 (1), 1-107. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3923.1.1
- Kaczmarek, L., Michalczyk, L. & Mcinnes, S.J. (2016) Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part III: North America and Greenland. Zootaxa, 4203 (1), 1-249. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4203.1.1
- Kaczmarek, L., Bartylak, T., Stec, D., Kulpa, A., Kepel, M., Kepel, A. & Roszkowska, M. (2020) Revisiting the genus Mesobiotus Vecchi et al., 2016 (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) - remarks, updated dichotomous key and an integrative description of new species from Madagascar. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 287, 121-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.05.003
- Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research, 30 (14), 3059-3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
- Klopfstein, S., Massingham, T. & Goldman, N. (2017) More on the best evolutionary rate for phylogenetic analysis. Systematic Biology, 66, 769-785. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syx051
- Larsson, A. (2014) AliView: a fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large data sets. Bioinformatics, 30 (22), 3276-3278. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu531
- Li, H. & Li, X. (2008) Two new species of Hypsibiidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) from China. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 121 (1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.2988/07-37.1
- Li, L., Ge, Z., Liu, S., Zheng, K., Li, Y., Chen, K., Fu, Y., Lei, X., Cui, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, J., Liu, Y., Duan, M., Sun, Z., Chen, J., Li, L., Shen, P., Wang, G., Chen, J., Li, R., Li, C., Yang, Z., Ning, Y., Luo, A., Chen, B., Seim, I., Liu, X., Wang, F., Yao, Y., Guo, F., Yang, M., Liu, C.H., Fan, G., Wang, L., Yang, D. & Zhang, L. (2024) Multi-omics landscape and molecular basis of radiation tolerance in a tardigrade. Science, 386, eadl0799. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adl0799
- Lisi, O., Sabella, G. & Pilato, G. (2014) Mixibius parvus sp. nov. and Diphascon (Diphascon) ziliense sp. nov., two new species of Eutardigrada from Sicily. Zootaxa, 3802 (4), 459-468. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3802.4.3
- Meng-Yun, C., Dan, L. & Peng, Z. (2015) Selecting question-specific genes to reduce incongruence in phylogenomics: a case study of jawed vertebrate backbone phylogeny. Systematic Biology, 64, 1104-1120. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syv059
- Michalczyk, L., Welnicz, W., Frohme, M. & Kaczmarek, L. (2012) Redescriptions of three Milnesium Doyere, 1840 taxa (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae), including the nominal species for the genus. Zootaxa, 3154 (1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3154.1.1
- Minh, B.Q., Schmidt, H.A., Chernomor, O., Schrempf, D., Woodhams, M.D., von Haeseler, A. & Lanfear, R. (2020) IQ-TREE 2: New models and efficient methods for phylogenetic inference in the genomic era. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 37, 1530-1534. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa015
- Mironov, S.V., Dabert, J. & Dabert, M. (2012) A new feather mite species of the genus Proctophyllodes Robin, 1877 (Astigmata: Proctophyllodidae) from the Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus (Passeriformes:Aegithalidae) - morphological description with DNA barcode data. Zootaxa, 3253 (1), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3253.1.2
- Murray, J. (1907a) Arctic Tardigrada collected by Wm. S. Bruce. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, 669- 681. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800011789
- Murray, J. (1907b) Scottish Tardigrada, collected by the Lake Survey. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 45, 641-668. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080456800011777
- Nelson, D.R., Bartels, P.J. & Guil, N. (2018) Tardigrade Ecology. In: Schill, R.O. (Ed.), Water Bears: The Biology of Tardigrades. Zoological Monographs 2. Springer, Cham, pp. 163-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95702-9_7
- Ono, M., Takeuchi, N. & Zawierucha, K. (2022) Description of a new species of Tardigrada Hypsibius nivalis sp. nov. and new phylogenetic line in Hypsibiidae from snow ecosystem in Japan. Scientific Reports, 12, 14995. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19183-8
- Pilato, G. (1969) Evoluzione e nuova sistemazione degli Eutardigrada. Bollettino di Zoologia, 36, 327-345. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250006909436925
- Pilato, G. (1973) Tardigradi delle acque dolci siciliane. Nota seconda. Bollettino delle Sedute della Academia Gioenia di Scienze Naturali in Catania, Serie IV, 12 (295-296), 177-186.
- Pilato, G. (1992) Mixibius, nuovo genere di Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada). Animalia, 19, 121-125.
- Pilato, G. & Binda, M.G. (1997) Acutuncus, a new genus of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada). Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 12, 159-162.
- Pilato, G. & Binda, M.G. (2010) Definition of families, subfamilies, genera and subgenera of the Eutardigrada, and keys to their identification. Zootaxa, 2404, 1-54. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2404.1.1
- Pilato, G., Binda, M.G. & Lisi, O. (2004) Notes on some tardigrades from Thailand, with the description of two new species. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 31, 319-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2004.9518385
- Pilato, G., Guidetti, R., Rebecchi, L., Lisi, O., Hansen, J.G. & Bertolani, R. (2006) Geonemy, ecology, reproductive biology and morphology of the tardigrade Hypsibius zetlandicus (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) with erection of Borealibius gen. n. Polar Biology, 29, 595-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-005-0094-1
- Pilato, G., Lisi, O. & Binda, M.G. (2010) Tardigrades of Israel with description of four new species. Zootaxa, 2665 (1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2665.1.1
- Pilato, G., Sabella, G., D'urso, V. & Lisi, O. (2017) Two new species of Eutardigrada from Victoria Land, Antarctica. Zootaxa, 4317 (3), 541-558. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4317.3.6
- Plate, L.H. (1888) Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte der Tardigraden. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abteilung fur Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 3, 487-550. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.1265
- Ramazzotti, G. (1966) Tardigradi del Lago Baikal e descrizione di Hypsibius (I.) granulifer baikalensis var. nov. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 20, 201-207.
- Rambaut, A. (2018) Figtree. Version 1.4.4. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh. Available from: https://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 1 December 2025)
- Rambaut, A., Drummond, A.J., Xie, D., Baele, G. & Suchard, M.A. (2018) Posterior summarisation in Bayesian phylogenetics using Tracer 1.7. Systematic Biology, 67 (5), 901-904. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syy032
- Richters, F. (1902) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna der Umgebung von Frankfurt a M. Bericht der Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesselschaft in Frankfurt am Main, 1902, 23-26.
- Richters, F. (1903) Nordische Tardigraden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 27, 168-172.
- Richters, F. (1904) Vorloeufiger Bericht uber die antarktische Moosfauna. Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft, 14, 236-239.
- Richters, F. (1926) Tardigrada. In: Kukenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (Eds.), Handbuch der Zoologie. Vol. III. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin & Leipzig, pp. 58-61.
- Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19, 1572-1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
- Sands, C.J., McInnes, S.J., Marley, N.J., Goodall-Copestake, W.P., Convey, P. & Linse, K. (2008) Phylum Tardigrada: An "individual" approach. Cladistics, 24, 861-871. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00219.x
- Schultze, C.A.S. (1834) Macrobiotus Hufelandii animal e crustaceorum classe novum, reviviscendi post diuturnam asphixiam et aridiatem potens, etc. 8. 1 tab. C. Curths, Berlin, 6 pp., I table.
- Schuster, R.O., Nelson, D.R., Grigarick, A.A. & Chistenberry, D. (1980) Systematic criteria of the Eutardigrada. Transctions of the American Microscopical Society, 99 (3), 284-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226004
- Stec, D., Smolak, R., Kaczmarek, L. & Michalczyk, L. (2015) An integrative description of Macrobiotus paulinae sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae: hufelandi group) from Kenya. Zootaxa, 4052 (5), 501-526. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.1
- Stec, D., Zawierucha, K. & Michalczyk, L. (2017) An integrative description of Ramazzottius subanomalus (Biserov, 1985) (Tardigrada) from Poland. Zootaxa, 4300 (3), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4300.3.4
- Stec, D., Arakawa, K. & Michalczyk, L. (2018a) An integrative description of Macrobiotus shonaicus sp. nov. (Tardigrada: Macrobiotidae) from Japan with notes on its phylogenetic position within the hufelandi group. PLoS One, 13 (2), e0192210. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192210
- Stec, D., Morek, W., Gasiorek, P. & Michalczyk, L. (2018b) Unmasking hidden species diversity within the Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri complex, with an integrative redescription of the nominal species for the family Ramazzottiidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela). Systematics and Biodiversity, 16, 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2018.1424267
- Surmacz, B., Vecchi, M., Fontaneto, D., Budzik, K., Godziek, J., Matsko, Y. & Stec, D. (2025) COI Metabarcoding With a Curated Reference Database and Optimized Protocol Provides a Reliable Species-Level Diversity Assessment of Tardigrades. Integrative Zoology. [early view] https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12972
- Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 38, 3022-3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
- Thulin, G. (1928) Uber die Phylogenie und das System der Tardigraden. Hereditas, 11 (2-3), 207-266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1928.tb02488.x
- Tumanov, D.V. (2018) Hypsibius vaskelae, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from Russia. Zootaxa, 4399 (3), 434-442. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4399.3.12
- Tumanov, D.V. (2020) Integrative redescription of Hypsibius pallidoides Pilato et al., 2011 (Eutardigrada: Hypsibioidea) with the erection of a new genus and discussion on the phylogeny of Hypsibiidae. European Journal of Taxonomy, 681, 1-37. https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.681
- Tumanov, D.V. (2022) End of a mystery: Integrative approach reveals the phylogenetic position of an enigmatic Antarctic tardigrade genus Ramajendas (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada). Zoologica Scripta, 51, 217-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12521
- Tumanov, D.V. & Avdeeva, G.S. (2021) Integrative description of Hypsibius repentinus sp. nov. (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) from Sweden. Zoosystematica Rossica, 30 (1), 101-115. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2021.30.1.101
- Tumanov, D.V. & Tsvetkova, A.Yu. (2023) Some have drops and some do not, but can we rely on that? Re-investigation of Diphascon tenue (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada) with discussion of the phylogeny and taxonomy of the superfamily Hypsibioidea. Zoosystematica Rossica, 32 (1), 50-74. https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2023.32.1.50
- Urbanowicz, C. (1925) Sur la variabilite de Macrobiotus oberhaeuseri. Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique (Paris), 59, 124-142.
- Vecchi, M., Cesari, M., Bertolani, R., Jonsson, K.J., Rebecchi, L. & Guidetti, R. (2016) Integrative systematic studies on tardigrades from Antarctica identify new genera and new species within Macrobiotoidea and Echiniscoidea. Invertebrate Systematics, 30, 303-322. https://doi.org/10.1071/IS15033
- Vecchi, M., Tsvetkova, A., Stec, D., Ferrari, C., Calhim, S. & Tumanov, D. (2023) Expanding Acutuncus: Phylogenetics and morphological analyses reveal a considerably wider distribution for this tardigrade genus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 180, 107707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107707
- Vvedenskaya, T.L. (2009) Tardigrada fauna in some waterbodies of Kamchatka. In: Alimov, A.F. & Adrianov, A.V. (Eds.), X Congress of the Hydrobiological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Vladivostok (Russia), 28 September -2 October 2009. Conference theses. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 64-65. [in Russian]
- Wang, L. (2009) Tardigrades from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (China) with description of two new species in the genera Mixibius (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae) and Pseudechiniscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae). Journal of Natural History, 43 (41-42), 2553-2570. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930903221547
- Zawierucha, K., Buda, J., Jaromerska, T.N., Janko, K. & Gasiorek, P. (2020) Integrative approach reveals new species of water bears (Pilatobius, Grevenius, and Acutuncus) from Arctic cryoconite holes, with the discovery of hidden lineages of Hypsibius. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 289, 141-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2020.09.004
- Zawierucha, K., Stec, D., Dearden, P.K. & Shain, D.H. (2023) Two new tardigrade genera from New Zealand's Southern Alp glaciers display morphological stasis and parallel evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 178, 107634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107634
- Zhang, J., Kapli, P., Pavlidis, P. & Stamatakis, A.A. (2013) General Species Delimitation Method with Applications to Phylogenetic Placements. Bioinformatics, 29 (22), 2869-2876. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btt499