THE STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE IN CENTRAL ASIA'S MEDIEVAL SCIENCE IN HISTORICAL STUDIES

This article analyzes the historiographical study of the problem of empirical knowledge in medieval Central Asian science. The research examines the interpretation of scientific methods used by scholars such as Al-Biruni, Avicenna, and Ulugh Beg—specifically the principles of observation, experimentation, measurement, and practical verification—within modern History of Science literature. The author reveals methodological differences between local and international schools of historiography, as well as the role of the concept of empirical knowledge in the contexts of national identity and intellectual history. The findings indicate that in contemporary research, Central Asian scientific heritage is being evaluated not merely as a cultural achievement but as a precise scientific infrastructure and methodological system.