Published March 15, 2026 | Version v1
Dataset Open

MECHANISMS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS: MOLECULAR BASIS, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRENDS, DETECTION METHODS, AND THERAPEUTIC COUNTERMEASURES

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Asia International University

Description

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most urgent global public health crises of the twenty-first century, threatening to reverse a century of advances in infectious disease medicine. The World Health Organization estimates that drug-resistant infections directly caused 1.27 million deaths in 2019 and contributed to 4.95 million deaths globally, with projections suggesting AMR could claim 10 million lives annually by 2050 if current trends continue unchecked. The emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial pathogens—particularly the ESKAPE organisms (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.)—has dramatically narrowed the available therapeutic arsenal for severe nosocomial and community-acquired infections.

Files

771-782.pdf

Files (382.9 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:1695077fab7d52ad108ba2fde00af2f9
382.9 kB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • .Blair, J. M. A., Webber, M. A., Baylay, A. J., Ogbolu, D. O., & Piddock, L. J. V. (2015). Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 13(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3380
  • World Health Organization. (2022). Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) Report 2022. WHO Press. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702
  • Munita, J. M., & Arias, C. A. (2016). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Microbiology Spectrum, 4(2), VMBF-0016-2015. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0016-2015
  • .Rice, L. B. (2008). Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: No ESKAPE. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 197(8), 1079–1081. https://doi.org/10.1086/533452
  • Tacconelli, E., Carrara, E., Savoldi, A., Harbarth, S., Mendelson, M., Monnet, D. L., ... & Zorzet, A. (2018). Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18(3), 318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30753-3