Sacred Waters and Science: Physics and Biology behind Traditional Indian Water Purification Systems

This review paper explores three widely known and practiced traditional water purification methods use of Moringa oleifera seeds, sand-charcoal-gravel filters, and copper vessel storage, and critically examines the underlying biological and physical principles. These techniques are analysed for their effectiveness in improving water quality, with emphasis on parameters like turbidity reduction, microbial load elimination, and chemical stabilization.

This paper also discusses how the concept of sacredness evident in the reverence for water bodies like rivers, ponds, and springs played a vital role in shaping water purification practices in ancient India. The convergence of science and spirituality offers a valuable perspective in modern-day environmental ethics and sustainable resource management.