Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Ghana: A Quasi-Experimental Design for Clinical Outcomes Measurement

Urban primary care networks (PCNs) in Ghana are essential for improving healthcare access and outcomes. However, their effectiveness is often underpinned by methodological challenges. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative data collection through standardised surveys and observational assessments. Data were analysed using linear regression models with robust standard errors to account for potential confounders. Analysis of the PCN systems revealed a significant improvement in patient satisfaction scores (mean score: 85/100) compared to baseline, suggesting effective network integration and service delivery enhancements. The quasi-experimental design provided robust evidence for the effectiveness of urban PCNs in Ghana, with notable improvements in clinical outcomes among patients. Further research should focus on scalability and sustainability of these networks across different geographical regions within Ghana. Urban primary care networks, Ghana, Methodological evaluation, Clinical outcomes, Quasi-experimental design Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.