Herbal Drug as an Emerging Tool for Novel Drug Delivery System

As natural sources of therapeutic agents, plant products and herbal medicines have been widely used for the treatment of various diseases due to their safety and efficacy. However, limitations such as poor solubility, low bioavailability, and instability of herbal drugs restrict their clinical application. To overcome these challenges, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been introduced as promising approaches for herbal drug delivery. This review aims to summarise recent advances in herbal NDDS and highlight their role in improving therapeutic effectiveness. The literature was reviewed using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on studies related to herbal formulations incorporated into advanced delivery systems. Various nano-based systems, including liposomes, ethosomes, nanoparticles, nano emulsions, and phytosomes, have been discussed in terms of their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. These delivery systems enhance drug stability, targeted delivery, controlled release, and bioavailability of herbal medicines. The review also emphasises current challenges and future perspectives in the development of innovative herbal drug delivery systems. Overall, herbal NDDS represent a significant advancement in improving the clinical potential of traditional medicines.