A Toroidal Knot Model for Elementary Particles: Geometric Origin of Mass, Spin, Charge, and Antimatter

The electron is not a point particle - we present three independent proofs of its finite toroidal structure. The long-mysterious spin-1/2 property emerges geometrically from the (2,1) torus knot topology and the requirement of 4π rotational symmetry. Our model quantitatively predicts the fine structure constant, neutrino energy, and particle masses from first geometric principles.