CLINICAL CORRELATION BETWEEN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND THE PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and remains the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to glomerular damage and albuminuria, resulting in progressive renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glycemic control, disease duration, and renal impairment among patients with T2DM.A total of 150 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized based on urinary albumin excretion into normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria groups. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed. Statistical correlations between HbA1c and renal parameters were assessed using Pearson’s correlation.The mean HbA1c level increased progressively with the severity of nephropathy: 7.2 ± 0.9%, 8.6 ± 1.2%, and 9.4 ± 1.3% for normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Serum creatinine and urinary albumin excretion showed a significant positive correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), while eGFR demonstrated a strong negative correlation (r = –0.63, p < 0.001).Poor glycemic control and prolonged disease duration are strongly associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Tight metabolic regulation and early screening for albuminuria can significantly delay renal complications in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.