Year 2026. Cancer is essentially viral. All 9 Bradford Hill criteria satisfied 3 times.
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The 9 Bradford Hill causality criteria — the same standard used to establish that smoking causes lung cancer, asbestos causes mesothelioma, H. pylori causes gastric cancer (Nobel 2005), and HPV causes cervical cancer (Nobel 2008) — are here applied to the viral hypothesis of cancer.
They are satisfied. All 9. Three times. With three independent series of evidence.
33 independent lines of evidence — epidemiological, biological, mechanistic, pharmacological — converge on a single conclusion: cancer is essentially viral.
Alternative theories satisfy: genetics 4/9 — environmental 6/9 — lifestyle 7/9.
The data are theirs. The journals are theirs. The studies are theirs.
Someone simply lined them up for the first time.
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Bradford_Hill_x3_EN_.pdf
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(361.9 kB)
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