Policy Brief: Securing Zambia's Livestock Economy Strategic Priorities for the Progressive Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)

This policy brief outlines a strategic framework for transitioning Zambia from Stage 2 (Risk Reduction) to Stage 3 (Elimination) of the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP) for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD). Zambia serves as a unique epidemiological "melting pot" where five viral serotypes (O, A, SAT 1, 2, and 3) converge, creating a complex landscape for disease management.

The brief synthesizes a decade of research (2015–2025) to address critical threats, including the emergence of the Serotype O (EA-2) lineage and the role of "silent" reservoirs in goats and African buffalo. With the economic cost of inaction exceeding US$ 1.6 billion in lost export income, this document provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers and veterinary authorities.

Key Strategic Pillars:

·        Vaccine Optimization: Implementation of a mandatory two-dose primary schedule and matching vaccine banks to local topotypes.

• Infrastructure Development: Modernizing cold chain storage in remote districts to maintain vaccine potency.
• Strategic Surveillance: Expanding monitoring to include small ruminants and informal trade corridors.
• Resource Allocation: Prioritizing high-risk clusters such as the Kafue Flats and transboundary border regions with Tanzania and Malawi.

Author: Humphrey Simukoko, Associate Professor, University of Zambia.