Composition of cattle urine and zoonotic diseases transmitted through it

Cattle urine is a metabolic excretory product composed of various organic and inorganic constituents. Normally the healthy Cattle urine contains various pathogenic microorganisms which act as a source of environmental contamination, thereby playing a role in the transmission of certain zoonotic diseases. These diseases are mainly transmitted through contact with urine-contaminated water or soil. Although consumption of cattle urine is also a route of zoonotic disease transmission, ingestion of urine collected directly for cattle or under unhygienic way may pose potential health risks. These risks include exposure to pathogenic microorganisms such as Leptospira spp., enteric bacteria, and chemical residues, which may lead to infectious or toxic effects. This article discusses the composition of cattle urine and highlights important zoonotic diseases associated with exposure to it, with emphasis on public health significance and preventive measures.