GLOBAL ECONOMIC STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

The global economy is undergoing profound structural transformations driven by technological innovation, environmental imperatives, demographic change, and globalization. These transformations fundamentally reshape production systems, labor markets, regional development patterns, and competitive dynamics. This article provides a comprehensive analytical overview of the major global economic trends shaping contemporary structural change, including deindustrialization, digital transformation, green transition, and spatial polarization. Drawing upon recent international data and empirical evidence, the study examines how these forces interact to redefine economic development trajectories, particularly in emerging economies such as Uzbekistan. The analysis highlights critical policy challenges, measurement complexities, and institutional constraints that influence successful economic restructuring. The findings emphasize that sustainable growth increasingly depends on coordinated digital and environmental strategies, inclusive institutional frameworks, and regionally balanced development policies.