Study on Structural Expansion of Aircraft Systems Not Assuming Onboard Crew — Examination of Non-Crewed Aircraft Architecture through Substitution, Inversion, Parallelization, Staging, and Analogy —

This paper explores the structural expansion of aircraft systems that do not assume onboard human crew, aiming to overcome physiological limitations imposed by human presence. Conventional aircraft design incorporates constraints related to pilot safety, pressurization, life support, and G-tolerance, which significantly influence structural, thermal, and control architectures. Using five conceptual frameworks—substitution, inversion, parallelization, staging, and analogy—the study reexamines internal media, flight control authority, propulsion integration, communication systems, structural health management, and self-repair concepts. Simplified quantitative models for thermal management, AI redundancy, energy supply integration, structural health prediction, and staged autonomy are also presented. The analysis highlights that non-crewed aircraft represent not merely unmanned versions of existing platforms but a comprehensive redesign problem in aerospace engineering.