Smart Heritage Tourism: Application of Artificial Intelligence and E-Technologies in Cultural Landscape Conservation

Cultural landscapes represent the combined legacy of human activity and natural processes and form the foundation of heritage tourism across many regions of the world. However, increasing tourist pressure, environmental degradation, climate change, and unplanned development pose serious challenges to their conservation and management. In this context, the concept of smart heritage tourism has emerged as an innovative approach that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and e-technologies to ensure sustainable use and long-term preservation of cultural landscapes. This paper examines the application of AI-driven tools and digital technologies in heritage tourism with a particular focus on landscape conservation. It highlights the role of AI in monitoring site conditions, predicting environmental risks, managing visitor flows, and supporting data-driven decision-making. The study also explores the contribution of e-technologies such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, virtual reality, and digital heritage platforms in documenting, interpreting, and promoting cultural landscapes without causing physical stress to heritage sites. By adopting a geographical perspective, the paper emphasizes spatial planning, landscape analysis, and sustainable tourism development. The findings suggest that smart heritage tourism can enhance visitor experience while reducing pressure on fragile cultural landscapes. The paper concludes that the integration of AI and e-technologies offers significant opportunities for balancing heritage conservation and tourism development, particularly in culturally rich and environmentally sensitive regions