Neurovirology Panel Taqman PCR Test for Detection of Viral Pathogens in CSF – A Pilot Study

Introduction: Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) can lead to severe neurological complications, yet their diagnosis can be challenging due to limitations of conventional methods. PCR assays on CSF offer a sensitive and specific tool for rapid detection of viral pathogens. This study aimed to detect the viral pathogens qualitatively using multiplex CSF neuro viral panel PCR in patients presenting with suspected viral CNS infections.

Material and Methods: This study was conducted at VRDL lab, Government Medical College and Civil hospital Miraj, from November 2024 to June 2025. Patients with suspected viral CNS infections were analysed using a multiplex real-time PCR panel (TaqMan PCR kit) targeting a range of neurotropic viruses including HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, EBV, VZV, HHV-6, HHV-7, Parvovirus B-19, Adenovirus, Enterovirus, and Parechovirus. Patient’s demographics, clinical presentation, and other relevant diagnostic findings (e.g. CSF leukocyte count, protein levels) were collected and analysed in conjunction with the PCR results.

Results: Total 81 CSF samples were tested with the neuro viral panel PCR, out of which   37(46%) samples were positive for different viruses including HSV-1(13), Parvovirus B-19 (09), VZV (05), EBV (04), CMV (04), and HHV-6 (02). Results of 6 (7.4%) samples were inconclusive. Specifically, 88% of patients with a clinical diagnosis of viral meningitis/encephalitis had a positive PCR result, while 12% of patients not suspected to have viral CNS infections, were tested positive for EBV, CMV requiring cautious interpretation.

Conclusion: CSF neuro viral panel PCR is a valuable diagnostic tool for CNS viral infections. Optimizing its use requires consideration of clinical factors alongside laboratory results for improved diagnosis and management. Further research is warranted to establish specific algorithms that combine clinical information with PCR findings to maximize the utility of this diagnostic modality.