Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design for Flood Management in Mozambique: A Scoping Review

Mozambique is frequently affected by floods due to its geographical location in a tropical climate zone with pronounced seasonal rainfall patterns. The review employed a comprehensive search strategy across academic databases, including Scopus and Web of Science, with inclusion criteria based on specific keywords related to climate resilience and flood management. Studies were assessed using a quality appraisal tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A total of 120 studies were identified, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that incorporating green infrastructure such as mangrove restoration and water retention basins in urban areas significantly reduced flood risk. Climate-resilient infrastructure designs are effective in managing floods in Mozambique, with a notable proportion (28%) showing reductions of more than 30% in flooding frequency. Given the findings, it is recommended that policymakers and practitioners prioritise the implementation of green infrastructure projects to enhance flood resilience across Mozambique's urban and rural landscapes. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.