Performance Evaluation of Integrated GPS–GSM PCB Antennas for IoT Devices

Emerging demand for small and dependable IoT devices necessitates accurate measurement and certification of 
integrated wireless components. The current work is concerned with the performance measurement and 
reliability testing of GPS and GSM multi-band antennas designed on a single printed circuit board (PCB) with 
IoT applications. The research focuses on accurate impedance matching, return loss, and radiation efficiency 
characterization by means of calibrated vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements. Methods of 
measurement uncertainty reduction and repeatability improvement were incorporated in an effort to provide 
evidence of good measurement of antenna coexistence and miniaturization performance. Experimental 
measurements demonstrate stable GPS and GSM operation with less than –10 dB return loss and more than 70% 
efficiency, ensuring design robustness and measurement stability. This metrological view guarantees 
traceability, reliability, and precision in antenna performance data, hence the conclusions are applicable to 
scientific, industrial, and wearable IoT applications.