Practical Guide to Using a Quantum Computer (Based on Materials from the International Quantum Center at CERN, Switzerland) # 5

Abstract

This laboratory work presents a practical implementation of quantum teleportation and superdense coding using the Qiskit framework. The material is based on educational resources developed by the International Quantum Center at CERN (Switzerland) and is designed to provide hands-on experience with multi-qubit quantum protocols and hybrid quantum-classical workflows.

In Laboratory Work No. 5, participants implement the quantum teleportation protocol step by step. The procedure begins with the preparation of a randomly generated qubit by directly assigning complex probability amplitudes. The state vector is normalized to ensure physical validity, defining the amplitudes corresponding to the computational basis states ∣0⟩|0\rangle∣0⟩ and ∣1⟩|1\rangle∣1⟩. Once the qubit is prepared for teleportation, an entangled Bell pair is generated to establish a shared quantum channel between two parties, conventionally referred to as Alice and Bob.

The protocol proceeds with joint operations and measurement of two classical bits on Alice’s side. The measurement outcomes determine conditional unitary corrections applied to Bob’s qubit, enabling the reconstruction of the original quantum state without physically transmitting the qubit itself. The laboratory exercise includes the construction of a circuit with separate quantum registers and classical bits, explicit amplitude assignment for Alice’s qubit, and verification of successful state transfer through measurement statistics.

In addition to teleportation, the conceptual framework of superdense coding is discussed as a complementary protocol demonstrating how entanglement enhances classical information capacity. Together, these experiments illustrate the operational role of entanglement as a quantum communication resource.

The guide emphasizes practical circuit design, normalization of quantum states, entanglement generation, conditional gate operations, and execution on both simulators and real quantum hardware. Through this laboratory work, participants gain experimental insight into two cornerstone protocols of quantum information science.