Existentialism in Modern Literature Manashri Manik Rathod

Existentialism emerged as a powerful philosophical response to the uncertainties of modern life, particularly during the twentieth century. As traditional belief systems weakened under the pressure of war, industrialization, and social transformation, literature began to reflect the inner conflicts of individuals struggling to find meaning in an indifferent world. This paper explores how existentialist ideas are represented in modern literature through themes such as alienation, absurdity, freedom, anxiety, and individual responsibility. By examining selected works of modern writers, the study highlights how literature becomes a medium for expressing the psychological and philosophical condition of modern humanity.