Published November 2024 | Version v1
Journal article Restricted

Exposure and connectedness to natural environments: An examination of the measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Anglia Ruskin University
  • 2. ROR icon University of Vienna
  • 3. ROR icon University of Tartu
  • 4. ROR icon Tarbiat Modares University
  • 5. ROR icon Bangladesh Sericulture Research and Training Institute
  • 6. ROR icon Université du Québec en Outaouais
  • 7. ROR icon A'Sharqiyah University
  • 8. ROR icon Lusail University
  • 9. Ahmed bin Mohammed Military College
  • 10. ROR icon Panteion University
  • 11. ROR icon Pólo de Inovação em Engenharia de Polímeros
  • 12. ROR icon Islamic University of Indonesia
  • 13. ROR icon Aberystwyth University
  • 14. Neapolis University Pafos
  • 15. ROR icon Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
  • 16. ROR icon Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
  • 17. ROR icon Nigerian Defence Academy
  • 18. ROR icon Klaipėda University
  • 19. Lithuanian Innovation Agency (LVPA)
  • 20. ROR icon Lithuanian Sports University
  • 21. Charles University, Faculty of Arts
  • 22. ROR icon University of Rijeka
  • 23. Chaire VISAJ
  • 24. ROR icon Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
  • 25. ROR icon Cégep de Jonquière
  • 26. Universidad San Francisco de Quito Instituto de Economía
  • 27. Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences
  • 28. University of Presov, Faculty of Humanities and Natural Sciences
  • 29. ROR icon University of South-Eastern Norway
  • 30. University of Wroclaw
  • 31. ROR icon Aix-Marseille Université
  • 32. ROR icon Bartin University
  • 33. Department of General Psychology
  • 34. Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Psychology
  • 35. ROR icon Thammasat University
  • 36. Deakin University
  • 37. ROR icon South China Normal University
  • 38. ROR icon Central South University
  • 39. ROR icon Mahasarakham University
  • 40. ROR icon Trinity College Dublin
  • 41. ROR icon Medical University of Silesia
  • 42. ROR icon University of Wrocław
  • 43. ROR icon Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora
  • 44. ROR icon Tribhuvan University
  • 45. ROR icon Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
  • 46. ROR icon University of the Sunshine Coast
  • 47. ROR icon Beijing Normal University
  • 48. "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University
  • 49. Koc University
  • 50. ROR icon Alzahra University
  • 51. ROR icon University of Malta
  • 52. ROR icon University of Graz
  • 53. ROR icon BI Norwegian Business School
  • 54. ROR icon University of Almería
  • 55. ROR icon Iran University of Science and Technology
  • 56. Fundacion Universidad Pontifica de Salamanca.
  • 57. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca
  • 58. ROR icon University of Queensland
  • 59. ROR icon University of Bern
  • 60. ROR icon Czech Academy of Sciences
  • 61. Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK)
  • 62. ROR icon University of Maragheh
  • 63. ROR icon Sultan Qaboos University
  • 64. ROR icon University of Hertfordshire
  • 65. ROR icon Al-Quds University
  • 66. ROR icon King's College London
  • 67. ROR icon Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
  • 68. ROR icon University of Buenos Aires
  • 69. National Chung Cheng University Department of Psychology
  • 70. Universidad San Francisco de Quito
  • 71. ROR icon University of Novi Sad
  • 72. Institute of Archaeology
  • 73. ROR icon University of Belgrade – Faculty of Medicine
  • 74. Innovative Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry in Belgrade, Ltd.
  • 75. ROR icon Universidade de Ribeirão Preto
  • 76. ROR icon Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. Eugeniusza Piaseckiego w Poznaniu
  • 77. ROR icon Sakarya University
  • 78. ROR icon Koç University
  • 79. Practice for Behavioral Therapy and Neuropsychology
  • 80. ROR icon Universiti of Malaysia Sabah
  • 81. ROR icon University of Melbourne
  • 82. Astana IT University
  • 83. Poznan University of Physical Education
  • 84. Universiti Sains Malaysia
  • 85. Universiti Sains Malaysia Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan
  • 86. ROR icon University of Western Australia
  • 87. Sveučilište u Rijeci, Filozofski Fakultet
  • 88. Part 3 Action Research and Resource Centre
  • 89. ROR icon Middlesex University Dubai
  • 90. ROR icon Universidade de São Paulo
  • 91. ROR icon University of Gdańsk
  • 92. ROR icon WSB Merito University in Gdańsk
  • 93. ROR icon Sapienza University of Rome
  • 94. University of Miskolc
  • 95. ROR icon Shaikh Zayed Medical College and Hospital
  • 96. ROR icon Universitat de València
  • 97. Maastricht University
  • 98. University of Florence
  • 99. University Hospital of Monastir
  • 100. ROR icon University of Pecs
  • 101. ROR icon DePaul University
  • 102. ROR icon University of Bielsko-Biała
  • 103. ROR icon University of Tsukuba
  • 104. Dar Al Uloom University - College of Dentistry
  • 105. ROR icon Universidade Nova de Lisboa
  • 106. ROR icon University of Minho
  • 107. ROR icon Universidade Lusófona do Porto
  • 108. ROR icon Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • 109. ROR icon University of Ibadan
  • 110. North-West University, South Africa
  • 111. ROR icon Ekiti State University
  • 112. University of Iceland
  • 113. Ünye Çakırtepe Hospital
  • 114. ROR icon University of Agder
  • 115. ROR icon Kyungnam University
  • 116. Environment and Sustainability Research Initiative
  • 117. ROR icon Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radio-Electronics
  • 118. ROR icon University of Central Florida
  • 119. ROR icon Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology
  • 120. ROR icon Chitwan Medical College
  • 121. Baglung Municipal Hospital
  • 122. ROR icon Max Planck Institute for Human Development
  • 123. ROR icon Griffith University
  • 124. ROR icon Eskişehir Osmangazi University
  • 125. Reykjavik University
  • 126. ROR icon University of Zadar
  • 127. Shaheed Bhagat Singh College
  • 128. ROR icon Masaryk University
  • 129. ROR icon University of Oslo
  • 130. ROR icon Chiang Mai University
  • 131. Ministry of Justice
  • 132. ROR icon University of Allahabad
  • 133. ROR icon West University of Timişoara
  • 134. ROR icon United Arab Emirates University
  • 135. ROR icon University of Latvia
  • 136. ROR icon Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul
  • 137. Universitatea de Vest din Timisoara/West University Timisoara
  • 138. ROR icon Lingnan University
  • 139. Lebanese American University Byblos Campus
  • 140. Lebanese American University
  • 141. ROR icon Comenius University Bratislava
  • 142. ROR icon Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences

Description

Detachment from nature is contributing to the environmental crisis and reversing this trend requires detailed monitoring and targeted interventions to reconnect people to nature. Most tools measuring nature exposure and attachment were developed in high-income countries and little is known about their robustness across national and linguistic groups. Therefore, we used data from the Body Image in Nature Survey to assess measurement invariance of the Nature Exposure Scale (NES) and the Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) across 65 nations, 40 languages, gender identities, and age groups (N = 56,968). While multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) of the NES supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, only partial scalar invariance was supported across national and linguistic groups. MG-CFA of the CNS also supported full scalar invariance across gender identities and age groups, but only partial scalar invariance of a 7-item version of the CNS across national and linguistic groups. Nation-level associations between NES and CNS scores were negligible, likely reflecting a lack of conceptual clarity over what the NES is measuring. Individual-level associations between both measures and sociodemographic variables were weak. Findings suggest that the CNS-7 may be a useful tool to measure nature connectedness globally, but measures other than the NES may be needed to capture nature exposure cross-culturally.

Files

Restricted

The record is publicly accessible, but files are restricted. <a href="https://zenodo.org/account/settings/login?next=https://zenodo.org/records/18832502">Log in</a> to check if you have access.

Additional details

Dates

Available
2024-11