THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WINTER CROPS IN THE SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET PERIODS IN RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE-HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

The article examines the impact of climatic factors on the cultivation of winter crops in Russia. It shows that the widespread use of technologies that allow for the management of weather conditions on grain crops does not negate the importance of taking into account the specific climate of a particular region. On the contrary, it is the detailed analysis of local climatic characteristics that allows for the determination of the appropriate volumes and methods of various agricultural practices, ensuring their economic efficiency. The climatic description is formed on the basis of a complex of indicators: average air temperature for the year, its monthly average values, total annual volume of precipitation and its intra-annual distribution, seasonal values of relative humidity, as well as the prevailing direction and strength of the wind.