Published February 27, 2026
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inZOR-ND-PFΔ Phase 6 (FINAL): Capacity Boundary Discovery on case1354pegase Pan-European Network (1354-bus)
Description
Phase 6 is the **final chapter** of the inZORi Power Flow Delta (PFΔ) research series. It scales the validation from IEEE 118-bus to the **case1354pegase Pan-European network** (1354 buses, 1991 lines, ~73 GW nominal) — an 11× larger system used in ENTSO-E-affiliated research.
A systematic load sweep from 1.18× to 1.30× nominal across 3 seeds discovers the precise **critical load threshold**: at exactly **1.25× (~91.4 GW)**, Newton-Raphson collapses to 0% S3 convergence on ALL 3 seeds while inZORi FrozenElite maintains **99.9%** — a **+99.9pp advantage**.
**Key Results (3 seeds, 6 load scales):**
- Sharp critical threshold at 1.25× nominal: NR = 0%, inZORi = 99.9% — reproducible on all 3 seeds
- inZORi extends operable load range by ~5.5%: from 1.22× (both work) to 1.27× (inZORi only)
- Below 1.22×: all methods equivalent (~100%) — inZORi adds no overhead in normal conditions
- Above 1.30×: all methods fail — inZORi cannot solve physically infeasible systems
- 11× larger network than Phases 1–5 (1354 vs 118 buses) — advantage holds at scale
- 54 jobs completed in 290s on 12 cores — production-ready computational efficiency
**Significance:** This is the first demonstration of an adaptive bio-inspired solver maintaining near-perfect convergence where NR completely fails on a realistic Pan-European grid model, establishing the practical utility of evolutionary warm-start strategies for real-time security assessment.
**Limitations:** case1354pegase is an academic benchmark, not the actual European transmission grid. Load scaling is uniform across all buses.
**Related publications:**
- Phase 1: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18716837
- Phase 2: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18717007
- Phase 3: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18735120
- Phase 4: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18735099
https://dumitrunovic-svg.github.io/inZOR-ND/index.html
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Software
- Repository URL
- https://dumitrunovic-svg.github.io/inZOR-ND/index.html