Universal Closure and the Bridge Between Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity - Updated 22 March 2026

This paper has undergone extensive revision of content and presentation style on 22 March 2026.

Universal Closure presents a single geometric condition — C=g² — that governs self-confinement from subatomic particles to black holes. Any confined field system, whether electromagnetic, strong, or gravitational, reaches a self-closure threshold when its compactness equals the square of its coupling constant. At this boundary the field's outward propagation velocity exactly equals the rate at which its own energy density curves its path back toward the source. The field cannot extend further.

From this one condition, with no free parameters, the paper derives: the Bohr radius and hydrogen ionisation energy to 0.0001% accuracy; the proton charge radius to 0.02%; the absolute maximum compactness of stable matter verified across 58 neutron stars; and a physically distinct gravitational boundary at — r = 4GM/c² — that general relativity has not previously named. String breaking, ionisation, and Hawking radiation are shown to be one mechanism operating at three different coupling scales.

The framework demonstrates that Einstein's field equations contain no minimum or maximum scale — the same geometry that governs a femtometre of electromagnetic confinement governs a kiloparsec of gravitational collapse. The apparent incompatibility of quantum mechanics and general relativity is shown to be notational rather than physical: both the Bohr radius and the Schwarzschild radius are the closure radius of the same equation evaluated at different masses and coupling constants.