"Revolutionizing High-Risk Obstetric Care: A Comprehensive Review of Wearable Maternal Monitoring Devices in High-Risk Pregnancy"

Abstract: High-risk pregnancies contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Advances in digital health technologies have introduced wearable maternal monitoring devices as innovative tools for continuous, real-time physiological surveillance. These devices enable remote monitoring of maternal and fetal parameters, facilitating early detection of complications such as hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm labor, and fetal distress. Wearable technologies integrated with artificial intelligence, mobile health platforms, and telemedicine systems have transformed antenatal care by enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient engagement. This review critically examines the current evidence on wearable maternal monitoring devices in high-risk pregnancy, including their types, clinical applications, technological foundations, advantages, limitations, ethical considerations, and implications for nursing practice. The article synthesizes recent literature to evaluate effectiveness, accuracy, feasibility, and acceptability across diverse healthcare settings. Challenges related to cost, data privacy, technological literacy, and regulatory frameworks are discussed. The review also explores future directions, including predictive analytics, integration with electronic health records, and personalized maternal care pathways. Wearable maternal monitoring represents a paradigm shift in obstetric care, offering opportunities to improve maternal-fetal outcomes, especially in resource-constrained settings. However, robust clinical trials, standardized protocols, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for safe and equitable implementation.