Synthetic data Using Population Profiles for cardiOvascular Risk facTors (SUPPORT) dataset

The SUPPORT (Synthetic data Using Population Profiles for cardiOvascular Risk facTors) dataset is a large-scale resource comprising 777,358,492 synthetic individuals aged 35–84 across seven geographic regions of Mainland China (Central, East, North, Northeast, Northwest, South, and Southwest) for 2020. Each synthetic individual possesses a detailed profile of sociodemographic attributes and major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including blood pressure, cholesterol levels, body mass index, and a history of diabetes. The population was constructed using iterative proportional fitting, multivariate normal distribution sampling, and multiple imputation, integrating data from China's Seventh National Population Census (2020), the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, and numerous health surveys. Technical validation against census statistics and independent cohorts, including the China Kadoorie Biobank, confirmed that the dataset accurately replicates marginal sociodemographic distributions and adequately approximates cardiovascular risk profiles of real-world populations. The R scripts used to generate and validate the synthetic dataset are publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/pkuepi/SUPPORT). The SUPPORT is open-source and can be extended with additional attributes. This resource enables individual-level modeling of CVD and is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17406895 .

Lists of provinces/autonomous region/municipality in seven regions of Mainland China*:

• Central: Henan, Hubei, Hunan
• East: Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong
• North: Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia
• Northeast: Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang
• Northwest: Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang
• South: Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan
• Southwest: Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang (Tibet)

* Note: The synthetic population refers to the population of the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of the Chinese mainland, excluding residents in Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan region.