THE PHYSICS OF SUBSTANCE-TIME: A Unified Theory of the Pressurized Continuum

Author: Barbu, Ilie (Independent Researcher)

Date: February 21, 2026

Analytical Derivation of Fundamental Constants (c, G, eta) and Unification of Dynamical Laws (Newton, Einstein, Ohm) through the State Equation T = P / M

Field: Fundamental Physics / Physical Ontology / Unified Field Theory (TOE)

1. ABSTRACT

This paper proposes the elimination of the concept of "Vacuum" as an empty or abstract space, replacing it with Substance-Time. We demonstrate that TIME is not an abstract background dimension, but a Real Physical Substance, continuous and elastic, possessing quantifiable mechanical properties: Pressure, Density, and Viscosity. All observable physical phenomena (matter, light, forces) are mechanical manifestations of this substance. We introduce the Universal Law of Flow,

 T = P / M, as a unifying state equation.

2. STATE PARAMETERS OF SUBSTANCE-TIME

We postulate the existence of a continuous medium under tension, defined by the following mechanical constants:

STATIC PRESSURE

P = 7.1289763 x 10⁴³ Pa

The energy potential of Substance-Time (Universal Background Tension).

MASS DENSITY

rho = 7.9320624 x 10²⁶ kg/m³

The volumetric inertia of Substance-Time, the medium for the propagation of interactions.

DYNAMIC VISCOSITY

 eta = 3.8434 Pa.s

The coefficient of internal resistance (causal friction) responsible for the generation of inertial mass.

3. THE UNIFIED LAW OF FLOW: T = P / M

Any dynamic process represents a Temporal Flow (T) — a rate of change — generated by the ratio between Impulse Pressure (P) and the Resistance/Impedance of Matter (M).

Formula: T = P / M

Unification of Laws under the State Equation:

Newtonian Dynamics (a = F / m): Acceleration (T) is the response of applied force pressure (P) against the inertial resistance of the object (M).

Electrodynamics (Ohm's Law: I = V / R): Current (T) is the flow of charge under potential pressure (P), limited by material resistance (M).

Mass-Energy Equivalence E = m x c² Energy (P) represents the pressure of Substance-Time stored within a boundary of resistance (M).

4. DERIVATION OF CONSTANTS FROM SUBSTANCE PROPERTIES

A. The Speed of Light (c):

Represents the velocity of the longitudinal elastic wave within Substance-Time:

c = SquareRoot(P / rho) = 299,792,458 m/s

B. The Gravitational Constant (G):

Gravity is the result of the compensation flow (pressure balancing) generated by the presence of matter vortices within Substance-Time:

G = (3 x pi x c^2) / (16 x rho) = 6.674 x 10^-11 m3/(kg.s2)

.5. THE MECHANICAL ORIGIN OF MASS (THE HIGGS EFFECT)

Mass (M) is the manifestation of the interaction between the geometric structure of a particle and the Viscosity (eta) of Substance-Time.

Light (Waves): These are pure elastic vibrations that do not induce shear rotation; therefore, they do not interact with viscosity (eta = 0 effectively for the wave), resulting in zero rest mass.

Matter (Particles): These are spin vortices (omega) that "grip" Substance-Time. The viscosity of 3.84 Pa.s generates a boundary layer of entrainment, creating inertia (mass) through mechanical friction.

Formula: M = eta x Sigma x omega

(where Sigma represents the effective cross-section of the vortex).

6. CONCLUSION

Physical reality is a manifestation of Substance-Time. We have eliminated the duality between space and time, defining everything as a pressurized substance.

Light = Vibration of Substance-Time.

Matter = Vortex of Substance-Time (stabilized by viscosity).

Gravity = Pressure differential within Substance-Time.

The Universe is a pressurized system, governed by the balance between pushing force and the resistance of form:

 T = P / M.