EXAMINING THE ROLE OF PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF A CONVENTION CENTER IN EKO ATLANTIC, LAGOS

ABSTRACT

This study examines the role of passive design strategies in the architectural design of a convention center in Eko Atlantic, Lagos, a rapidly urbanizing coastal district within a hot-humid tropical climate. The research explores how climate-responsive architectural interventions such as building orientation, shading devices, natural ventilation pathways, thermal mass utilization, and daylight optimization can enhance indoor thermal comfort, reduce reliance on energy-intensive mechanical systems, and improve environmental sustainability in large-scale public buildings. Using a qualitative case study approach, this study analyzed both the Eko Convention Centre and the Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre as benchmarks for passive design implementation in tropical climates. Document analysis and thematic evaluation were employed to assess the integration, effectiveness, and contextual adaptation of passive design principles in these large venues. Results indicate that early integration of passive strategies significantly influences building form, façade articulation, ventilation pathways, and envelope performance, which collectively contribute to lower cooling loads, improved indoor comfort, and enhanced operational efficiency. Comparative insights from the Suntec Singapore case demonstrate how sustainability certification frameworks and hybrid passive-active systems complement passive design principles, providing a model for integrating environmental performance metrics in tropical convention centers. The study concludes that passive design is a critical determinant of architectural and environmental outcomes in hot-humid climates and should be embedded from the conceptual stage in the design of Eko Atlantic’s convention center. Recommendations include adopting performance-based envelope strategies, climate-based simulation tools, regulatory incentives, and professional capacity building to ensure the effective application of passive strategies. This research contributes to sustainable architectural practice by offering empirically supported strategies for climate-responsive design in large public buildings located in tropical coastal regions.

Keywords: Passive design, tropical climate, convention center, thermal comfort, sustainable architecture