Biomimetic Approaches in Restorative Dentistry

Abstract
Biomimetics in restorative dentistry focuses on replicating the biological, mechanical, and esthetic characteristics of natural dental tissues to achieve restorations that are functionally integrated and long lasting. Conventional restorative approaches often emphasize mechanical replacement of tooth structure, leading to excessive removal of healthy tissues, microleakage, secondary caries, and premature restoration failure. Biomimetic dentistry represents a paradigm shift toward tissue preservation, biological integration, and regeneration. This review analyzes the evolution, classification, properties, and clinical applications of biomimetic materials used in restorative and endodontic dentistry. Bioinert materials such as stainless steel and conventional nickel titanium alloys, bioactive materials including mineral trioxide aggregate, Biodentine, and Bioaggregate, and bioresorbable materials such as bioceramic sealers and bioactive glass are discussed in detail. Biomimetic materials demonstrate superior sealing ability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and the capacity to stimulate hard tissue regeneration. Despite challenges such as cost, handling complexity, and retreatment difficulties, biomimetic approaches are transforming restorative dental practice. Continued research is expected to yield advanced smart biomaterials with enhanced biological responsiveness and mechanical integration, further revolutionizing dental therapy.