Published November 14, 2013 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Evaluation of plasma-free endocannabinoids and their congeners in abstinent cocaine addicts seeking outpatient treatment: impact of psychiatric co-morbidity

Authors/Creators

  • 1. ROR icon Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga
  • 2. ROR icon Hospital del Mar Research Institute
  • 3. EDMO icon Malaga University
  • 4. ROR icon Universidad de Granada

Description

Cocaine is associated with serious health problems including psychiatric co-morbidity. There is a need for the identification
of biomarkers for the stratification of cocaine-addicted subjects. Several studies have evaluated circulating
endocannabinoid-related lipids as biomarkers of inflammatory, metabolic and mental disorders. However, little
is known in substance use disorders. This study characterizes both free N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-acylglycerols
in abstinent cocaine addicts from outpatient treatment programs who were diagnosed with cocaine use
disorder (CUD; n = 88), and age-/gender-/body mass-matched healthy control volunteers (n = 46). Substance and
mental disorders that commonly occur with substance abuse were assessed by the semi-structured interview ‘Psychiatric
Research Interview for Substance and Mental Diseases’ according to the ‘Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision’ (DSM-IV-TR) and plasma-free acyl derivatives were quantified by a liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. The results indicate that plasma acyl derivatives are altered in
abstinent cocaine-addicted subjects with CUD (CUD subjects).While NAEs were found to be increased, 2-acyl-glycerols
were decreased in CUD subjects compared with controls. Multivariate predictive models based on these lipids as
explanatory variables were developed to distinguish CUD subjects from controls providing high discriminatory power.
However, these alterationswere not influenced by the DSM-IV-TR criteria for cocaine abuse and dependence as cocaine
trait severity measure. In contrast,we observed that some free acyl derivatives in CUD subjectswere found to be affected
by the diagnosis of some co-morbid psychiatric disorders. Thus, we found that the monounsaturated NAEs were
significantly elevated in CUD subjects diagnosed with mood [N-oleoyl-ethanolamine and N-palmitoleoyl-ethanolamine
(POEA)] and anxiety (POEA) disorders compared with non-co-morbid CUD subjects. Interestingly, the coexistence of
alcohol use disorders did not influence the circulating levels of these free acyl derivatives. In summary, we have
identified plasma-free acyl derivatives that might serve as reliable biomarkers for CUD. Furthermore, we found that
monounsaturated NAE levels are also enhanced by co-morbid mood and anxiety disorders in cocaine addicts. These
findings open the way for the development of new strategies for cocaine addiction diagnosis and treatment

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Identifiers

DOI
10.1111/adb.12107

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Journal article: 10.1111/adb.12107 (DOI)

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