Freeze–Scaling Normalization

A rewrite-based normalization procedure is introduced in which identity insertion followed
by denominator freezing isolates a global scale while preserving additive structure. The method
does not assert equality with the original integrand, but maps expressions to scale–equivalent
representatives. The procedure is applied to the non-elementary integral R ex2
dx, yielding a
closed representative form. Independently, time is defined as a scaled additive event functional,
establishing a minimal algebraic realization of time as accumulated change.