Published February 6, 2026 | Version v1
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Perspectives on Galactic Evolution at z ≃ 4: A Convergent Interpretation between the RZS Framework and the JWST EXCELS Survey Data

Authors/Creators

  • 1. Independent Researcher

Description

This essay proposes an alternative interpretive lens for the spectroscopic results of the JWST EXCELS survey. We investigate the notable numerical symmetry between the observed mass-age relationship slope and the fundamental relational parameter α = 1.5 of the Relational Zero State (RZS) framework. Rather than proposing a replacement for the standard model, this work seeks to establish the plausibility of a relational approach as a complement to understanding galactic evolution at high redshifts.

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Cites
Preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.18356981 (DOI)
Preprint: 10.5281/zenodo.17756069 (DOI)

References

  • Leung, H-H., et al. (2026). The JWST EXCELS survey: The ages and abundances of 3 < z < 5 massive quiescent galaxies show that downsizing was already in place by z ≃ 4. MNRAS. arXiv:2602.05934v1
  • Romero, F. (2026). Observational Predictions Under the Relational Zero State (RZS) Framework: A Predictive Roadmap for the JWST Era.. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18356981.
  • Romero, F. (2025). The Relational Zero State Hypothesis (RZS): Gradient Flow Dy- namics and the Emergence of Spacetime Geometry. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.17756069