THE ROLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN THE PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Beyond traditional biological risk factors, psychosocial determinants play a significant role in the development, progression, and prevention of cardiovascular disorders. Chronic stress, depression, anxiety, social isolation, and insufficient social support negatively influence cardiovascular regulation through neuroendocrine, autonomic, and inflammatory pathways. These factors also affect health behaviors, treatment adherence, and overall lifestyle, further increasing cardiovascular risk. Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approaches combining medical, psychological, and social strategies are essential to improve cardiovascular outcomes and reduce disease burden. Understanding the impact of psychosocial factors is crucial for effective prevention and patient-centered management of cardiovascular diseases.