Functional Equilibrium Theory: An Integrative Framework for the Four Fundamental Forces in Atomic Systems and Beyond

The Functional Equilibrium Theory (FET) presents a novel conceptual paradigm for interpreting the four fundamental forces—strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, and gravitational—as an interdependent organic-technical system within atomic and cosmic structures. By employing analogies from thermodynamics, information theory, and systems biology, FET posits a hierarchical functional balance essential for atomic stability and cosmic evolution. This theory critiques unification efforts, emphasizing functional specialization, and extends to phenomena such as black holes, dark matter, and the Big Bang. Supported by rigorous mathematical formalism and interdisciplinary insights, FET addresses quantum gravity challenges while maintaining falsifiability through proposed observational tests.