Structural Falsifiability of BEEM: Tier-1 and Tier-2 Tests

This manuscript establishes structural falsifiability criteria for the BEEM
(Background Entropic Emergent Metric) framework in cosmology. A two-tier testing
architecture is developed, probing late-time structure growth and primordial
black hole formation. The analysis operates at the axiomatic and structural
level, independent of numerical fitting or parameter optimization.

This version corresponds to the manuscript submitted to Foundations of Physics.