The Impact of Physical Training on Cancer-Related Fatigue – A Narrative Review

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and debilitating symptoms 
experienced by individuals undergoing or recovering from cancer treatment. Exercise 
oncology has emerged as a rapidly expanding field, offering strong evidence that structured 
physical activity can effectively reduce CRF and improve physical fitness across diverse 
cancer populations. This progress has important clinical implications, as identifying the most 
effective exercise strategies can directly inform personalized supportive care. Research 
consistently shows that aerobic, resistance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), 
multimodal programs, mind-body interventions, and technology-supported exercise reduce 
CRF and improve physical performance. Studies indicate that supervised and combined 
modality programs seem to be the most effective. Exercise is safe and practical at all stages of 
treatment, including during chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, 
and in advanced disease. Existing gaps encompass the personalization of exercise intensity, 
understanding mechanisms, and studies in underrepresented groups. Physical activity should 
be viewed as an essential aspect of supportive cancer treatment