Evaluation of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status Among Medical and Paramedical Staff at the University Hospital Center (CHU) of Constantine

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major occupational hazard for healthcare workers. This prospective study aimed to evaluate hepatitis B vaccination coverage, post-vaccination immune response, and factors associated with vaccine non-response among medical and paramedical staff at the University Hospital Center of Constantine (Algeria) between January 2019 and March 2022. A total of 746 healthcare workers were included. Serological testing included HBsAg, anti-HBc, and quantitative anti-HBs antibodies. Protective immunity (anti-HBs ≥ 10 IU/L) was observed in 95.58% of participants, while 4.42% were non-responders. Strong immune response (anti-HBs > 100 IU/L) was found in 66.6% of cases. Non-response was significantly associated with advanced age (≥ 50 years, p = 0.002), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², p = 0.001), smoking (p = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.001), and autoimmune diseases (p = 0.004). Vaccine response also decreased with increasing time since vaccination, particularly beyond 15 years. Gender and occupational exposure to blood were not significantly associated with non-response. These findings emphasize the importance of post-vaccination serological monitoring and individualized booster strategies for healthcare workers at risk of inadequate immune protection.