RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD CARDIAC SURGERY

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common congenital anomalies in children and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early surgical correction is often required to restore normal cardiac function; however, these procedures can be complicated by postoperative adverse events, including acute kidney injury (AKI), which may prolong hospitalization, increase intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and elevate in-hospital mortality. Both maternal health and prenatal conditions, such as iron deficiency anemia, infections, and obstetric complications, as well as perioperative factors, can influence the development of CHDs and impact postoperative outcomes. This retrospective study analyzed 110 children aged 6 months to 3 years who underwent cardiac surgery for CHDs. Maternal history, perioperative data, and postoperative outcomes were assessed, and patients were categorized based on the occurrence of postoperative AKI. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors associated with AKI. The findings highlight that maternal and prenatal factors, including viral and TORCH infections, threatened miscarriage, and chronic urogenital infections, significantly contribute to the risk of CHDs. Perioperative factors, such as low body weight, hypotension, and prolonged surgery, were identified as independent predictors of postoperative AKI. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive evaluation of maternal history and careful perioperative management to reduce complications and improve recovery in children undergoing cardiac surgery for CHDs.