Comparison of Lagrangian, Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE), and SPH Finite Element Bird Models with Wilbeck Experimental Test Data

This Excel file contains the normalized pressure versus normalized time histories for a soft-body (bird) impact on a rigid target at an impact velocity of 117 m/s. The dataset includes results from Wilbeck’s experimental tests as well as finite element simulation data obtained under identical test conditions (same mass and velocity) using SPH, Lagrangian (LAG), and ALE modeling approaches. The case corresponds to a 4-pound bird impacting a rigid target.