Archiwa społeczne – wprowadzenie do problematyki
Description
Peer-reviewed scholarly article.
Żeglińska, Anna. 2019. „Archiwa społeczne – wprowadzenie do problematyki”. Przegląd Archiwalny Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, nr 12 (kwiecień):53–64. https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/pa/article/view/2049
Article Summary
The article addresses the issue of social archives as a phenomenon that is conceptually ambiguous, insufficiently regulated in both terminological and methodological terms, yet increasingly significant for contemporary archival science. The author points out that common linguistic usage leads to an unjustified expansion of the term “social archive” to encompass all initiatives documenting social life, regardless of the nature of the accumulated holdings and their provenance. This practice results in the blurring of boundaries between archives, libraries, and museums.
The point of departure for the discussion is the classical definition of an archive formulated by Bohdan Ryszewski. On this basis, the author analyses which forms of social activity may constitute the subject of archival science and which remain within the sphere of collecting practices or the documentation of social life. Particular importance is attached to the distinction between archival materials of enduring value and documentation of a temporary or thematic character.
The author demonstrates that the fundamental criterion for recognising a given body of records as a social archive in the scholarly sense is neither its name nor its declared status, but rather the social provenance of the holdings and their enduring value for scholarship and practice. On this basis, she proposes a precise understanding of the concept of the “social archive”, limiting it to cases that meet clearly defined archival criteria.
The subsequent part of the article presents a broad historical and institutional background of the functioning of social archives in Poland, particularly after 1945 and after 1989, taking into account the relationships between state archives and non-state archival holdings. The author draws attention to the marginalisation of social archives within the centralised archival system, as well as to their contemporary significance as a “living” resource which, through ongoing activity, remains open and continues to evolve.
The article also offers a detailed analysis of the phenomenon of blurred boundaries between archives, libraries, and museums (LAM), as well as the problem of the documentation of social life, which—despite frequently being labelled an “archive”—does not meet archival criteria in the methodological sense. The example of the KARTA Center is used to illustrate the complexity of these processes and the necessity of a critical assessment of both the structure and the provenance of archival holdings.
From the perspective of archival science, the author proposes recognising the following as social archives:
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a social organisation (or one of its departments) performing archival functions;
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an archival whole created by a specific social group;
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a place of storage for archival materials of social provenance.
Abstract (English)
The wide scope of the concept “social archive” raises terminological difficulties that con-temporary archival science faces. Referring to the definition of “archive”, formulated by Bohdan Ryszewski, the author suggests – from the point of view of archival science considered both as a scientific discipline and field of practice – to recognize the following as a “social archive”: 1)or-ganizations (institutions) or their departments specifically dealing with archival materials created by specific social groups, 2) archival collections – archival resources created by a specific social group, 3) storage locations for archival materials whose creators, or more precisely archivists, were specific social groups. The author considers this social provenance of the created, collected, stored, developed and shared archives as crucial in recognizing and granting the status of a social archive, considered from the point of view of archival science. In addition to the social archives defined in the three aforementioned meanings which create or will create a national archive resource, there are many so-called social archives (in the colloquial sense), which collect and store documentation of social life in the form of various collections. This type of activity is dealt with by departments of social life documentation organized by many institutions, mainly libraries and museums. In English terminology, this movement is referred to as LAM (Libraries, Archives, Museums). The correlations, or in principle, the ambiguity of social archive used in the various meanings are shown with specific examples
Notes (Polish)
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Additional details
Additional titles
- Translated title (English)
- Community Archives – An Introduction to the Issues
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- Repository URL
- https://czasopisma.ipn.gov.pl/index.php/pa/article/view/2049