Callicarpa hahajimensis Sugai & Setsuko sp. nov. Figure 2.

TYPE:— JAPAN. Tokyo Metropolis: Ogasawara Islands, Hahajima Island, Mt. Kensaki, 26°38'47.5"N, 142°09'57.7"E, elev. 206 m, 18 July 2023, K. Hayama (holotype: MAK 472471!, isotypes: MAK 472471! and TI 00265246!).

Diagnosis:— Callicarpa hahajimensis is morphologically most similar to C. parvifolia but can be distinguished by its lower density of stellate hairs on both leaf surfaces and thinner leaves. A comparative summary of C. subpubescens, C. boninensis, C. hahajimensis, and C. × chibusensis is presented in Figure 4 and Table 1.

Evergreen shrubs, 0.3–2 m tall, often caespitose. Branches terete, with elliptic lenticels and raised leaf scars, densely covered with yellowish-brown soft stellate tomentum when young, later glabrescent. Leaves decussate-opposite, thickly chartaceous, 0.3 mm thick; petiole 0.5–4 cm long, stellate-pubescent; blade elliptic, broadly elliptic, or ovate, 2–11 cm long, 2–5 cm wide; apex acute, base obtuse, shortly attenuated into the petiole; margins serrulate in upper half, upper surface sparsely stellate-pubescent (average density: 8 hairs / mm 2); lower surface stellate-pubescent (average density: 9 hairs / mm 2), with a raised midrib and 5–8 pairs of obscure lateral veins. Flowers from July to January, peaking in August and November. Inflorescences in axillary, dichasial cymes, densely many-flowered, 3–4 cm long, 2–3.5 cm wide. Peduncle 1.5–2 cm long; rachis 1–2 cm long; both densely stellate-tomentose. Pedicel ca. 1 mm long, glandular hairs. Bracts narrowly ovate, ca. 2 mm long, apex obtuse. Calyx cup-shaped, ca. 1.5 mm long, glandular hairs; shallowly four-lobed, lobes widely deltate, obtuse, ca. 0.5 mm long. Corolla funnel-shaped, pale purple, ca. 5 mm long, sparsely covered with sessile glands on the outer surface; tube ca. 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the throat; four-lobed, lobes orbicular, ca. 2 mm long. Heterostylous, functionally dioecious. Male flowers: Four stamens, ca. 5 mm exserted from corolla; filament ca. 7 mm long, anther ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm long, glandular-punctate, longitudinally dehiscent throughout. Style filiform, ca. 0.5 mm long; stigma capitate. Female flowers: Four stamens, ca. 5 mm exserted from corolla; filament ca. 7 mm long, anther ellipsoid, ca. 1 mm long, glandular-punctate, longitudinally dehiscent throughout. Style filiform, ca. 7 mm long; stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe, globose, purple or white, ca. 3 mm in diameter, with four 1-seeded pyrenes.

Additional specimens examined (paratype):— JAPAN. Tokyo Metropolis: Ogasawara Islands, Hahajima Island: Mt. Kensaki, 26°38'43.4"N, 142°09'55.6"E, 11 November 2006, H. Kato (MAK472459! and MAK472460!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.1"N, 142°09'56.7"E, 11 November 2006, H. Kato (MAK472461!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.8"N, 142°09'56.3"E, 11 November 2006, H. Kato (MAK472462! and MAK472463!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.9"N, 142°09'56.4"E, 11 November 2006, H. Kato (MAK472464!); loc. cit., 26°38'43.4"N, 142°09'55.6"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK464593!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.4"N, 142°09'56.1"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK464594!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.1"N, 142°09'56.7"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472317! and MAK472318!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.4"N, 142°09'56.8"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472319!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.5"N, 142°09'56.9"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472320! and MAK472321!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.8"N, 142°09'56.9"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472322! and MAK472323!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.5"N, 142°09'56.2"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472324! and MAK472325!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.5"N, 142°09'56.2"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472326!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.4"N, 142°09'56.0"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472327!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.5"N, 142°09'56.0"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472328!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.6"N, 142°09'55.9"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472329!, MAK472330! and MAK472331!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.5"N, 142°09'56.0"E, 17 June 2007, K. Mori (MAK472332!); loc. cit., 26°38'45.3"N, 142°09'56.9"E, June 2014, S. Narita and H. Kato (MAK472476!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.6"N, 142°09'56.2"E, June 2014, S. Narita and H. Kato (MAK472477!); loc. cit., 26°38'44.7"N, 142°09'56.0"E, June 2014, S. Narita and H. Kato (MAK472478!); Mt. Kensaki-Mt. Chibusa, 13 March 1988, Motomi Ito et al. (MAK299166!); Minamizaki, 26°37'23.3"N, 142°10'37.6"E, 15 September 2023, K. Hayama (MAK472474!); Mt. Higashi, 26°41'54.2"N, 142°08'53.1"E, 15 September 2023, K. Hayama (MAK472475!). Imoutojima Island: 26°33'35.6"N, 142°12'39.5"E, 23 June 2006, K. Mori and H. Kato (MAK464583!, MAK464584!, MAK472301!, MAK472302!, MAK472303!, MAK472304!, MAK472305!, MAK472306!, MAK472307! and MAK472308!); loc. cit., 26°33'35.2"N, 142°12'39.2"E, 15 June 2014, Suzuki Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472480!); loc. cit., 26°33'35.7"N, 142°12'39.5"E, 15 June 2014, S. Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472481!); loc. cit., 26°33'35.9"N, 142°12'39.5"E, 15 June 2014, S. Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472482!); loc. cit., 26°33'35.3"N, 142°12'39.5"E, 15 June 2014, S. Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472483!); loc. cit., 26°33'33.5"N, 142°12'34.5"E, 15 June 2014, S. Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472484!); loc. cit., 26°33'36.0"N, 142°12'39.5"E, 15 June 2014, S. Setsuko and H. Kato (MAK472485!); loc. cit., 24 August 1980, M. Ono et al. (MAK183983!). Meijima Island: 24 August 1980, M. Ono et al. (MAK184005!).

Distribution:— Japan. Tokyo Metropolis: Ogasawara Islands, Hahajima, Imoutojima, and Meijima Islands.

Habitat:—Dry scrubs in the Hahajima Islands, with forests dominated by Rhaphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi, Planchonella obovata (R.Br.) Pierre, Syzygium cleyerifolium (Yatabe) Makino, and Pandanus boninensis Warb., at elevations of 100– 280 m.

Etymology:—The specific epithet hahajimensis refers to its type locality: Hahajima Island.

Japanese name:—Hahajima-murasaki.

Conservation status:—Dry scrubs in the Hahajima Islands have a limited local distribution (Shimizu 2008). On Hahajima Island, these habitats are under pressure from alien species such as Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., and Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Bip., and have also been invaded by Bischofia javanica. In contrast, the satellite islands of Hahajima Island show little evidence of impact from alien species. The total area of dry scrub habitats across the Hahajima Islands, including its satellite islands, is estimated to be less than 10 km 2. Consequently, we assign its conservation status as Endangered (EN) under the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2012), specifically under criterion D, indicating that the number of mature individuals capable of flowering is fewer than 250.