Monthly soil-atmosphere CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes across tidal elevations in mangrove forests with contrasting land-use histories (September–November 2024)

This dataset contains monthly measurements of soil–atmosphere greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O), across tidal elevation gradients in mangrove forests from September to November 2024. Fluxes were measured in situ using static chamber methods at three intertidal elevations.

Sampling was conducted in mangrove forests on Qi’ao Island, China. The dataset covers three mangrove forest types representing contrasting land-use histories under comparable stand age (~25 years) and hydrological conditions: (1) natural reference mangrove forests (forest_reference), (2) restored mangroves converted from abandoned aquaculture ponds (forest_pond), and (3) restored mangroves located in intertidal areas receiving chronic aquaculture wastewater discharge (forest_discharge). Each forest type includes multiple replicate plots, with repeated measurements conducted within each month.

All fluxes are reported as area-based rates (mg m⁻² h⁻¹). This dataset is intended to document site-scale variability in mangrove soil GHG fluxes and to examine the influence of aquaculture-related disturbances on soil carbon emissions at the island scale.